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Ages 7-17 yrs

Ages 7-17 yrs
ADHD Symptoms
Assessment and Diagnosis
ADHD Treatment
ADHD and Education

Warning Signs That May Indicate a Child or Adolescent has ADHD

Symptoms must be at a level of impairment, meaning these symptoms are impairing their daily functioning, and they must be observed in two different settings before the age of 12 for a diagnosis to occur.

  • continuously moving, bouncing a knee, jiggling their foot, tapping a pencil, and the inability to sit without squirming;
  • frequently needing to get up and move around;
  • being unable to stop for meals;
  • being unable to stay on task when they must sit still;
  • the inability to sit still for calm activities like eating and having books read to them;
  • talking and making noise excessively;
  • running from toy to toy;
  • being unable to be still even for an activity they enjoy;
  • constantly climbing, even when instructed not to do so; and
  • running and moving so quickly that it results in injury, even after being cautioned.
  • displaying extreme impatience with others;
  • refusing to wait their turn when playing with other children;
  • interrupting when others are talking;
  • blurting out comments at inappropriate times;
  • being aggressive in their play;
  • lacking caution with strangers;
  • showing unusually low fear in situations that can lead to dangerous consequences, potentially endangering self or others; and
  • destroying belongings and other things due to not thinking of the consequences.
  • difficulty following directions, forgets what to do;
  • unable to remember, or confuses the order of steps of a task;
  • difficulty with starting and completing tasks;
  • difficulty estimating how long it will take to do something;
  • insisting that things are done in a certain way;
  • unable to keep track of belonging, frequently loses things;
  • inability to organize and get things together at the beginning or end of the day;
  • unable to remember what they were going to say or do;
  • off-topic when speaking or answering questions;
  • becoming agitated when the schedule or the occurrence of an expected activity changes; and
  • needing consistent rules that they interpret as being fair
  • more unexpected tantrums than those of other children their age;
  • difficulty controlling their emotions with displays longer and more intense;
  • becoming easily frustrated and expressing their frustration in unacceptable ways;
  • being prone to outbursts;
  • being unable to play peacefully with others;
  • the inability to settle down after being excited or active;
  • displaying aggression, to the level of having to remove the child from a situation, due to the inability to regulate their emotions; and
  • being louder and noisier than fellow playmates

Medical professionals that may assess/diagnose (and treat) ADHD:

The most important thing to note is that the medical professional you choose must be knowledgeable about ADHD.

Who can Assess and Diagnose ADHD
Wait time
Is there a Cost
Referral from a family physician or walk in clinic
Who can Assess and Diagnose ADHD
Family Physician (with ADHD training)
Wait time
1-8 weeks
Is there a Cost
No - Covered under provincial health plan (i.e OHIP)
Referral from a family physician or walk in clinic
No
Who can Assess and Diagnose ADHD
Child and adolescent psychiatrist
Wait time
1-6 months
Is there a Cost
No - Covered under provincial health plan (i.e OHIP)
Referral from a family physician or walk in clinic
Yes
Who can Assess and Diagnose ADHD
Developmental Pediatrician
Wait time
2-8 months
Is there a Cost
No - Covered under provincial health plan (i.e OHIP)
Referral from a family physician or walk in clinic
Yes
Who can Assess and Diagnose ADHD
General Pediatrician (with ADHD training)
Wait time
1-6 months
Is there a Cost
No - Covered under provincial health plan (i.e OHIP)
Referral from a family physician or walk in clinic
Yes
Who can Assess and Diagnose ADHD
Psychologist (with ADHD training) – Psychologists cannot prescribe medication
Wait time
2-8 weeks
Is there a Cost
Yes – workplace or private benefits may cover a portion of the cost. Fee is approximately $1,000-$4,000
Referral from a family physician or walk in clinic
No
Who can Assess and Diagnose ADHD
Neurologist (with ADHD training)
Wait time
Is there a Cost
No - Covered under provincial health plan (i.e OHIP)
Referral from a family physician or walk in clinic
Yes

Questions to ask your healthcare provider:

  • What is the current wait time?
  • Do they provide long term follow-up care?
  • Is a full screening for other potential medical disorders part of the assessment process?
  • Are there additional cost associated with the ADHD assessment

Physicians, Pediatricians, Psychiatrists, Neurologists

The assessment and diagnosis of ADHD by a medical professional is generally covered by your provincial health care plan, however, always ask if any additional fees will be charged.


The potential diagnosis of ADHD should include;

  • A medical history
  • As psychiatric medical history
  • Screening to rule out any possible physical disorders
  • Vision and hearing test

Psychologist

Psychologists may assess and diagnose ADHD, but they cannot prescribe medication. Psychologists are not covered by provincial health care plans, but may be partially covered by private health coverage. Speak to the psychologist prior to contacting your private insurance provider.

Psychoeducational assessments are different from an ADHD assessment.

Children who are struggling academically may seek a psychoeducational assessment to assess whether any coexisting learning disabilities (LDs) may exist along with ADHD. A complete assessment of a child’s learning strengths and needs is essential for a student who continues to be impaired at school. Psycho-educational assessments cost approximately $2,000-$4,000


Important Things to Know About the Health Care Professional that you choose:

  • Their expertise in the area of ADHD
  • Their accreditation and registration (pertinent to a psychologist’s ability to diagnosis)
  • What is the current wait time?
  • Do they provide long term follow-up care?
  • Is a full screening for other potential medical disorders part of the assessment process?

For more information about ADHD assessments please contact our Resource Navigator at info@caddac.ca

Treatment of ADHD in Children and Adolescents

ADHD should be treated using a “multimodal approach”. Simply put, this means using more than one type of treatment. Examples of ADHD treatments are listed below

Educating parents, individuals, and any other adults who routinely interact with the child about ADHD is the first and most important component of an ADHD treatment plan. Studies have shown that providing education on ADHD greatly increases the chance that treatment will continue long term..  

For more information on CADDAC programs please visit the following pages
Past Conferences and Workshops
Parenting Courses
Webinars Page

Children with ADHD may struggle to keep up with classroom demands, classroom accommodations may help improve academic outcomes

For a detailed list of possible classroom accommodations please refer to the ADHD in education section

Individuals with ADHD learn differently than their neurotypical counterparts and therefore it can be beneficial to hire an ADHD tutor to help your child if they are struggling academically. 

For a list of ADHD tutors please refer to our Resource map

  • For the child
  • For the parent
  • Cognitive behaviour therapy

ADHD coaching addresses the academic, vocational, emotional, and interpersonal life difficulties that are a result of the core ADHD symptoms and tries to help individuals find a way to overcome these challenges.


To see a list of ADHD coaches in Canada please refer to our  Resource map


To find out more information about CADDAC’s ADHD coaching programs please refer to our Coaching programs

Research is finding that getting regular exercise can improve cognitive functioning and may improve ADHD symptom. Exercise produces several hormones that can benefit brain functioning and help improve focus.

http://add.about.com/od/treatmentoptions/a/ratey.htm
http://www.everydayhealth.com/add-adhd/can-you-exercise-away-adhd-symptoms.aspx

Mindfulness can assist with better awareness of attention, manage stress, be less reactive to impulsive thoughts and be less judgmental of ADHD symptoms.

http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/here-there-and-everywhere/201206/adhd-mindfulness-interview-lidia-zylowska-md

Sleep plays a major role in our health and development. For example, sleep is important for learning, attention, and memory, academic achievement, and even physical growth1, 2. As such, it is important for children to get age-appropriate quality and quantity of sleep! According to the National Sleep Foundation, school aged children (6-13 years old) should receive between 9 and 11 hours of sleep each night3. Children who sleep less or who have poor quality sleep (e.g., up and down throughout the night) will not be able to perform their best during the day, especially in school.

Document

ADHD and Sleep

Sleep in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Download PDF

For a comprehensive article reviewing the evidence of Cognitive Training and brain training strategies called Cognitive Training and ADHD: Sizing up the Evidence, please refer to the document below.

 

Document

Cognitive Training

Access a comprehensive article reviewing the evidence on Cognitive Training (brain training games) and brain training strategies

Download PDF

It not usually recommended that children under the age of 6yr take ADHD medication, however in certain instances it may be required. Please speak with a knowledgeable ADHD physician to see if ADHD medication is right for your child.

In uncomplicated cases of ADHD, medication management is fairly straight forward and effective with minimal side effects. ADHD medication has been around for more than fifty years and there are thousands of published research papers on their safety and efficacy. There are two types of medications used to manage ADHD medication. For more information on medication please speak with a medical professional

  1. Stimulant medication.
  2. Non-stimulant medication

Please refer to the charts below for information on specific medications

Students

Students with ADHD may struggle with working memory, processing speed, organization, time management, and attention; all of which impact learning. Therefore, students may require classroom accommodations to help with their academic challenges. Below is a list of classroom accommodations that can be used if your child is struggling to keep up with grade level demands. 

Types of Classroom Accommodations

Accommodations come in three distinct categories; instructional, environmental, and assessment. The following lists are examples of interventions that may impact the success of the ADHD student.

Types of classroom accommodations PDF

For a list of possible classroom interventions for students with ADHD please download document

Download PDF

ADHD Symptoms, Impairments and Accommodations in the Elementary School Environment

This is a tool to help understand ADHD symptoms tied to potential individual classroom and learning impairments. The chart also lists appropriate accommodations for can be used for each specific impairment. Possible accommodations included in this chart are based on expert consensus opinion. There is no perfect accommodation for a given difficulty. Accommodations must be individualized.

Elementary school accommodations chart PDF

For a list of classroom accommodations for elementary school children please download this document

Download PDF
Sample IEP

Also known as Special Education Plan (SEP), Individualized Program Plan (IPP), Student Support Plan SSP, Individual Support Services Plan (ISSP) depending on the province or territory Accommodations and modifications listed in the IEP are legal rights of the child. 

The IEP must consider recommendations made by the committee who identifies the child. The IEP is a flexible, working document, which should be adjusted and improved with each reporting period

Download PDF
Ontario Memorandum

On December 19th of 2011 the Ontario Ministry of Education released a memorandum to Directors of Education entitled Categories of Exceptionality clarifying that students with ADHD and no other diagnosis have a right to be identified as exceptional students if they present with learning needs

Download PDF
How to be an Effective Advocate for your Child

The role of an advocate may be vital at some point in our life to obtain and maintain the necessary changes and opportunities for our children and ourselves. Learn the to spot when your child is struggling in school and how to become an effective advocate.

Download PDF

ADHD Symptoms, Impairments and Accommodations in the High School Environment

This is a tool to help understand ADHD symptoms tied to potential individual classroom and learning impairments. The chart also lists appropriate accommodations for can be used for each specific impairment. The possible accommodations included in this chart are based on expert consensus opinion. There is no perfect accommodation for a given difficulty. Accommodations must be individualized.

Secondary school accommodations chart PDF

For a list of classroom accommodations for high school students please download this document

Download PDF
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