A suitable working environment can make a huge difference for someone with ADHD. When a person with ADHD leaves a job, they often mention a lack of support from their employer as the main reason why they decide to move on. Managing an employee with ADHD can be very rewarding, provided that time and effort is taken to understand how the disorder impacts the employee and their responsibilities at work.
Here are some of the most common FAQs about ADHD and the workplace.
Q: What is ADHD?
A: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in children and adults, affecting 3-5% of adults and 5-9% of children or 1.8 million Canadians (Riegler et al. 2017, statistics Canada, 2022).
While core ADHD symptoms include hyperactivity, impulsivity, and attention dysregulation; hyperactivity and impulsivity may be less externalized in those diagnosed with ADHD inattentive subtype. ADHD is also known to impair executive functions (EF). Executive functions refer to a range of higher-level skills critical for successful functioning in everyday life, such as planning, organizing, time management, working memory, processing speed, task initiation, emotional regulation, and self-awareness (Gair et al., 2020). Executive functions impact one’s ability to meet deadlines, plan and organize, problem solve, follow instructions, start, and complete a task, and manage emotional outbursts (Villines, 2021).
ADHD is a chronic condition; only 15% of children with ADHD show remission of symptomatic and functional impairment in adulthood (World Federation Guide, 2019). ADHD is highly heritable with rates between 70-90%, meaning if a parent has ADHD, it is highly likely their children will also have ADHD (Faraone and Larsson 2018).
ADHD impacts all areas of a person’s life. Untreated ADHD can lead to devastating consequences over the course of a person’s life. Children are at risk for accidental injuries, educational underachievement, and difficulties with socializing, while adolescents are at risk for early-onset substance use, delinquency, and teenage pregnancy (CADDAC, CADDRA, CanReach, 2022). Many adults fail to reach their full potential, with studies showing increased risk for substance use disorders, accidental injuries, unemployment, gambling, low quality of life, suicide, and premature death (CADDAC, CADDRA, CanReach, 2022).
Q: What are some of the most common ways ADHD appears in the workplace?
A: How ADHD impacts job performance depends on many factors – the type and severity of symptoms, the suitability of the job to the employee’s strengths, and how successfully the employee uses strategies to offset any of their weaknesses. Here are a few of the most common ways that ADHD shows up at work:
Read more at https://caddac.ca/wp-content/uploads/Workplace-accomodations-Chart-FINAL.pdf
Q: Should I disclose my ADHD diagnosis at my job?
A: This is a very personal decision and remains a controversial topic. Disclosing your ADHD to those who may not understand the condition could lead to your being viewed negatively, since stigma and misunderstandings about ADHD still exist. On the other hand, if your employer is open to discussing the implementation of accommodations, but requires a reason that they are required, disclosing your ADHD could be very beneficial.
Your employer will need to understand ADHD as a medical condition with symptoms that can impact job performance, both positively and negatively. Providing personal examples of how your ADHD impacts you would be beneficial.
An alternative approach to full immediate disclosure could be to initially meet with your supervisor to request certain adjustments in your work environment that you feel will make you more productive. Work your request from an angle of strength, using positive statements like “I work best in an environment with fewer distractions. More frequent check-ins would help me to stay on track and get those large reports to you on time.” Or try, “I am at my peak efficiency in the early morning when the office is quiet. I was wondering if we could schedule my tasks in order to take advantage of my peak productivity.” Don’t call these “accommodations” unless you have decided to formally disclose. Frame these difficulties in terms of solution-oriented goals.
If you do decide to disclose and receive immediate resistance, you may wish to gently point out to your employer that ADHD is considered a disability by Human Rights Commissions. Although at this point of the discussion, things should be kept as amiable as possible.
Q: I need more support at work. How should I request accommodations?
A: Some adults may feel very uncomfortable requesting any type of special consideration. They may feel that they will be viewed as incompetent or making excuses. They may worry that coworkers may resent them for receiving special treatment. But viewing accommodations as a means to your becoming more productive and ultimately a better employee would be a better way for both you and your employer to view these requests. Before requesting accommodations, take some time to think about:
Q: What are some reasonable accommodations I can request at my workplace?
A: Adults with ADHD will differ in the type and quantity of accommodations required. A process of trial and error may be required to discover the best possible options since ADHD symptoms are very individual. It is important to note that in some cases, just a few simple strategies and accommodations may significantly increase both job performance and job satisfaction. A few examples of reasonable workplace accommodations include:
Read more: https://caddac.ca/wp-content/uploads/Workplace-accomodations-Chart-FINAL.pdf
Q: I work from home, how can I stay focused?
A: While working from home, impairments that may have been under control in a structured workplace environment will likely resurface. Inattention, distractibility, hyper focusing and procrastination, difficulty with time-management and organization will probably become more of an issue. Once you understand what could be causing an issue, try putting some of these strategies in place:
Read more: https://caddac.ca/wp-content/uploads/Working-From-Home-with-ADHD-Tips-and-Strategies-2.pdf
If you're interested in working with CADDAC to educate your workplace about ADHD, fill out our presentation request form!
When it comes to nurturing a productive, motivated and happy workplace, a one-size-fits-all management style isn’t always the best route to take. For those with ADHD, a more thoughtful and customized approach might be required to help them thrive at your company. Here are a few ways you can accommodate your employee with ADHD and set them up for success.
Adjust the workplace environment
For those with ADHD, a suitable working environment can make a huge difference. An open-concept office space might work for a neurotypical employee, but someone with ADHD might require a quiet space with minimal distraction. Allowing the use of headphones, white or brown noise machines or sunglasses would also be helpful ways to help manage distractions. However, it’s important to note that what might help one person with ADHD won’t work for another. Just as each human being is unique, ADHD is unique in both symptoms and severity for each person.
Assign tasks based on their strengths
Acknowledging and supporting an employee with ADHD’s strengths will be very validating for them! Allowing them to focus on tasks that emphasize their strengths or interests will let them know they are considered a valuable contributor to your workplace, and have a positive effect on productivity and morale. Work with their symptoms, rather than against them.
Offer a flexible schedule
Time management and problems with sleep are common struggles for those with ADHD, so following a typical 9 to 5 schedule could be very difficult. Some employees might be more productive starting later in the afternoon and working late, whereas others might require frequent, structured breaks throughout the day. Offering flexible work hours to your employees with ADHD can help to regulate their energy levels, reduce the risk of work-related burnout and encourage productivity.
Put instructions and task details in writing
Those with ADHD struggle with executive dysfunction, meaning they can have a hard time with staying organized, time management, processing information, or remembering details of a project or conversation. Allowing them to take notes in meetings and providing thorough instructions in an email or to-do list will make sure important details won’t slip through the cracks. Be sure to include important due dates, timelines or step-by-step instructions for more laborious tasks.
Ask them directly!
Perhaps it goes without saying, but the best thing you can do is ask your employee with ADHD for their input before you make any changes to your workplace and management style. Spend some time getting to know them and take note of any behaviors or habits they struggle with in the workplace. Try not to minimize or brush off the symptoms the employee tells you – work together to brainstorm any possible solutions. After all, they know themselves better than anyone else and will know what accommodations would be most helpful!
Takeaways
As with all employees, over time you’ll begin to understand how each individual works and slowly identify their unique skills and talents. For an employee with ADHD, a bit more attention may be required to yield drastically better results. Taking the time to collaborate and find strategies that help them navigate any trouble spots they’re having in the workplace will make a lasting impact.
Click here for a list of ADHD Symptoms, Impairments and Accommodations in the Work Environment.
I was notified about an incident that occurred during a Vancouver City Park Board meeting which highlighted the continued misunderstanding and stigma which still remains about adult ADHD. Vancouver Park Board Commissioner Melissa DeGenova shamed and stigmatized Vancouver Park Board Commissioner Sarah Blyth, who is the first politician in Canada to go public with ADHD.
Asking a question about Vancouver paying for the cost of business coaching is of course acceptable, making someone with a medical condition feel ashamed for asking for assistance is not.
About a year ago Sarah Blyth asked park board staff for help as she would be chairing some upcoming contentious meetings. She was offered business coaching. At this park board meeting questions were asked with regard to expenses surrounding the ADHD coaching she received. Commissioner Jasper asked staff to bring to the board any related information; and added that chairing the park board is at times a difficult job, and that if a commissioner needed help that he thought the request was reasonable. He also stated that Sarah Blyth was open about being diagnosed with ADHD.
Following this discussion, Melissa DeGenova asked why the governing party would not elect someone capable of doing the job, and further stated that she had disabilities, too. Melissa has two diagnosed Learning Disabilities: dyslexia and written output disorder, and is on the City of Vancouver Disability Advisory Committee. Ms. Blyth and others reported that, as she was leaving the meeting, Commissioner DeGenova proceeded to follow her out the door asking why she was playing the, "Poor me, I have a disability card."
To access Sarah Blyth’s description of the stigma she felt, please click on the following link or copy and paste it into your browser: https://www.facebook.com/notes/sarah-blyth/stigma/10152386409495210
To access Jamie Lee Hamilton’s account of the incident and request for an apology, please click on the following link or copy and paste it into your browser: https://www.facebook.com/jamie.hamilton.9480/posts/461977273945834
